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Brunei flagCountry profile: Brunei


Brunei Country

A rarity in this part of Southeast Asia, Brunei is completely free of malaria and other common tropical diseases. The nation’s healthcare system is among the best in Asia, so visitors should have little to worry about despite the steamy tropical conditions. There are a number of excellent private health clinics in each district, and for anything serious the Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha Hospital (RIPAS) in Brunei’s capital has every modern facility imaginable.

A tiny country with a small population Brunei was the only Malay state in 1963 to choose to remain a British dependency rather than join the Malaysian Federation.

Map of Brunei

It became independent in 1984 and thanks to its large reserves of oil and gas now has one of the highest standards of living in the world.

Its ruling royals led by the head of state Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah possess a huge private fortune.

Overview

A country of dense forests and mangrove swamps whose people enjoy high subsidies and pay no taxes Brunei is highly dependent on imports. Despite its immense wealth most of the country outside the capital remains undeveloped and unexploited.

Sultan Omar Saifuddeen mosque, Brunei
Friday prayers in the capital Bandar Seri Begawan
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While oil and gas exports account for the bulk of government revenues reserves are dwindling and Brunei is attempting to diversify its economy. It markets itself as a financial centre and as a destination for upmarket and eco-tourism.

About two-thirds of the people of Brunei are ethnic Malays and these benefit from positive discrimination. The Chinese comprise about 16% of the population. There are also Indians and indigenous groups of whom the Murut and Dusuns are favoured over the Ibans.

Since 1962 the sultan has ruled by decree. In a rare move towards political reform an appointed parliament was revived in 2004. The constitution provides for an expanded house with up to 15 elected MPs. However no date has been set for elections.

Brunei's financial fortunes have wavered. Shares and other assets were hit by the crash of the Asian financial markets in the late 1990s. In 1998 Prince Jefri's Amedeo conglomerate collapsed leaving massive debts and precipitating a financial scandal.

Facts

  • Full name: Sultanate of Brunei
    Princess Fadzillah Lubabul Bolkiah
    Princess Fadzillah Lubabul Bolkiah was a guest of honor for the opening ceremonies of the 5th Special Olympics Brunei Darussalam (SOBD) on Thursday
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  • Population: 399000 (UN 2009)
  • Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan
  • Area: 5765 sq km (2226 sq miles)
  • Major languages: Malay English Chinese
  • Major religions: Islam Buddhism Christianity
  • Life expectancy: 75 years (men) 80 years (women) (UN)
  • Monetary unit: 1 Bruneian dollar = 100 cents
  • Main exports: Crude oil liquefied natural gas petroleum products
  • GNI per capita: US $26930 (World Bank 2007)
  • Internet domain: .bn
  • International dialling code: +673

Leaders

Head of state: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah

SULTAN OF BRUNEI
Sultan Bolkiah: Ruling family has a large private fortune
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Hassanal Bolkiah one of the world's longest-reigning monarchs became sultan in October 1967 after his father Sir Haji Omar Ali Saifuddin abdicated. He was crowned in August 1968.

In 1991 he introduced a conservative ideology called Malay Muslim Monarchy which presented the monarchy as the defender of the faith.

Apparently aimed at pre-empting calls for democratisation it is said to have alienated Brunei's large Chinese and expatriate communities.

In September 2004 the sultan reopened Brunei's parliament 20 years after it was suspended. Observers said it was a tentative step towards giving some political power to the country's citizens.

The sultan was born in 1946 and was educated in Malaysia and Britain. He has two wives and is one of the world's richest individuals.

Media

Brunei's media are neither diverse nor free. The private press is either owned or controlled by the royal family or exercises self-censorship on political and religious matters. Media rights body Reporters Without Borders says news outlets carry "virtually no criticism of the government".

A press law provides prison terms of up to three years for reporting "false news".

The only local broadcast media are operated by the government-controlled Radio Television Brunei. Foreign TV is available via cable. Access to the internet is said to be unrestricted.

The press

  • Borneo Bulletin - English-language daily
  • Media Permata - Malay-language newspaper

Television

Radio

 


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